Posterior apophyseal ring fracture is a rare condition typically seen in adolescent age group because the ring apophysis and the adjacent vertebral body does not fuse completely and may separate at the cephalad or caudal edge.It usually simulates disc herniation in adolescents and children but disc lesion is very commonly associated with PRAF.The c
Actinomycosis is an inflammatory disease with various clinical presentations including inflammation and formation of masses.There are several reports suggesting the infiltrative mass-like nature of actinomycosis that is misunderstood as a tumor.A 39-year-old male clinically presented with a fungating mass-like lesion during colonoscopy for healthca
Background Folic Acid and Aims :Newcastle disease is considered the most contagious poultry disease and may cause severe economic loss in the poultry industry.The virus belongs to the Avulavirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, of the order Mononegavirales and is designated avian paramyxovirus-1.So, Early detectio